As Nigeria is a producer of abundant fresh fruits but has effective preservation and packaging challenge, this work aims to compare some quality factors of mixed fruit Jam that was packaged in different locally available containers for a 15-month storage period at room temperature. Virtual inspection, pH, moisture content, total soluble solids and microbiological assessment of the samples were conducted to determine their keeping quality. Sensory evaluation was also conducted to determine the acceptability of the packaged samples. The result showed that after the 15-month storage at room temperature, gel consistency of the samples were maintained in the plastic plates and glass jar packages, while the samples in sachet water pouch and polythene packages became runny. The pH of the samples was between 3.4-3.5. The moisture content was between 28-37% while the total soluble solids was between 63-72%. The total microbial counts of all the samples after 15-months storage were within the acceptable range of 1 x 103cfu/ml. There was no fungal growth in all the packaged samples except in the transparent plastic plate that exhibit a growth of 6 x 102. There was no bacterial and coliform growth in all the packaged samples. The result of the sensory evaluation shows that glass jar and white plastic plate with screw cover container were significantly (p=0.05) more acceptable for packaging Jam spread than those in the other containers used. Hence, it was concluded that some locally available packages can be used for packing shelfstable small scale Jam production for in a developing nation.

- In this research paper I discuss about the challenges to implement secure personal identification protocols with biometric technology are increasing and the need for accurate human identification is higher than ever. Single modality biometric systems have to contend with a variety of problems such as noisy data, intra class variations, non-universality, spoof attacks, and distinctiveness. Some of these limitations can be addressed by deploying multimodal biometric systems that integrate multiple biometric modalities in a single scan to alleviate the challenges of a unimodal system. Performance in biometric verification is often affected by external conditions and variabilities. These are often related to mismatched conditions between enrolment and verification sessions, e.g. handsets/microphones for recording speech, cameras for capturing facial images and fingerprint readers. In addition, the user’s speech may vary according to ambient noise conditions, the speaker’s health (e.g. contracting a cold) or speaking styles. The user’s facial images may vary due to changes in backgrounds, illumination, head positions and expressions. While none of the biometrics alone can guarantee absolute reliability, they can reinforce one another when used jointly to maximize verification performance. This motivates multi-biometric (multimodal) authentication.

- This paper intends to develop a technique to extract the moving object by using temporal differencing. Initially the stereo images are captured from vicon camera and the images are cropped as per the requirement. Next interested ROI is selected to extract the object is a particular scene. The noise that are present in the cropped images are removed with the help of filters. The objects are detected by considering height and occupancy of the object in a given scene. After obtaining the objects, morphological operations are applied and finally the objects are detected. It is applicable in verities of applications in real time.

- The main purpose multicast routing protocol in MANET is to deliver the data to a group of receivers. Several researchers are proposed various multicast routing protocols to achieve the reliability and scalability in MANET. MANET suffers from high overhead and redundant data transmission due to multicasting. We propose a neural network based multicast routing protocol to overcome the highest overhead and delay thereby network life time and packet delivery ratio (PDR) are improved. This is achieved by identifying the probability of optimum forwarding group node based on the information augmented with the JOIN_QUERY packet. The performance evolution shows the proposed approach ensures the PDR and reducing the control overhead significantly.