The use of microphone array (MA) has been common widely installed into numerous speech applications, such as, teleconference system, hearing aids, voice-controlled equipment, smart home, mobile portable acoustic instruments due to its convenience of concerning the steerable beampattern at certain locations while attenuating the surrounding noise component with high speech quality. Because of the microphone mismatches, the error of settings about sampling rate, transforming the received array signals into frequency-domain, the inaccurate estimation of steering vector, the internal electrical noise of speech devices, the beamformings advantage often significantly degraded. In this paper, the author proposed using an additive spectral mask for suppressing the speech component at received array signal for enhancing the speech enhancement and noise reduction of MVDR beamformer in realistic recording environments. This approach based on observed coherence between two MA signals for obtaining an appropriate spectral mask. The authors suggested method owns the low computation or complexity and capability of integrating into multi-channel system for addressing different complicated problems. The numerical simulation has confirmed the effectiveness in reducing the speech distortion to 5.8 dB, removing residual noise field to 6.2 dB and increasing the speech quality in the term of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) from 7.7 to 8.3 dB.

YouTube video essays have come out as very powerful digital content that unite images, narration, and analytical thinking to pull in and convert different audiences to modern-day cultural criticism. Positioned as a hybrid between the documentary, criticism, and personal commentary, these essays give quite accessible and often long-form reflections on the topics like films, television, politics, identity, and internet culture. Their modal structure which is a combination of the voice-over, clips, graphics, and textual overlays allows the creator to clear out the difficult and complex ideas in a manner that is both entertaining and intellectually engaging for the viewers. The format has especially attracted the very young and digitally-savvy audience who are relying on the former media and academia for less and less in these times of heavy internet-based culture. This survey-based study quantitatively investigates the interpretation, evaluation, and persuasion of the viewer by YouTube video essays, focusing specifically on engagement, trust, and perceived impact on cultural discourse. The survey delves into viewing frequency, preferred topics, and cognitive and emotional involvement levels while watching video essays. It also gauging impressions of credibility, such as how much independent creators are trusted compared to institutional sources, and to what degree audiences are aware that video essays are changing or reinforcing their opinions on cultural and social issues. By employing validated scales corresponding to media engagement, perceived influence, and critical reflection, this study reveals how audiences not only perceive these videos as entertainment but also as significant cultural commentary.The findings imply that video essays are significant in bringing up cultural debates with fresh and hardly heard voices, especially by making the independent and very different creators visible in public dialogue. Younger audiences especially consider video essays as the here-and-now and powerful means of letting them to think about and discuss such topics as representation, power and ideology in the popular media of their choice. The overall results draw attention to the importance of the YouTube video essays as a strong and participatory art form that governs the digital cultural discourse, by making cultural criticism more accessible, dialogic and blending it with daily media consumption habits.

Production of papayas, one of the most popular tropical fruit crops, is significantly decreased by a variety of leaf diseases, especially Anthracnose, Leaf Curl, and Papaya Ringspot Virus. Decreasing crop loss and boosting production depend on early detection of these diseases. Farmers' traditional manual checks might be unreliable and time-consuming. Machine learning using AI can be used to automatically categorize plant diseases from leaf images. Several machine learning techniques for leaf disease in papaya plant are compared in this research work. A wide range of models, such as CNN, Random Forest, KNN, SVM, ANN are studied and related using performance criteria like accurateness, recall, correctness and F1- score. According to results of experiments, CNN- based models and additional deep learning methods perform more correctly than ancient machine learning techniques. The suggested comparative study offers recommendations for choosing appropriate algorithms for automated systems that detect papaya leaf disease. This study analyzes different machine learning techniques to identify papaya leaf disease. CNN models are evaluated on an image dataset using Random Forest, SVM, K-Nearest Neighbor, and other traditional machine learning methods. CNN had the maximum classification precision, according to the outcomes of the study.

implementation of the Intelligent Living Space a modular, low-cost, multi-domain residential automation system built on the ESP32 microcontroller and Blynk IoT 2.0 cloud platform. Five independent smart modules are integrated: Smart Security and Entrance, Smart Plant Watering, Smart Waste Management, Smart Bathroom Monitoring, and Smart Kitchen Safety. Each ESP32 node operates autonomously with domain-specific sensors and actuators, transmitting live data to the Blynk cloud every 2 seconds for real-time remote monitoring, automated actuation, and push-notification delivery. Experimental evaluation confirmed 100% authentication accuracy over 30 trials, 148 ms average lid- open response, 310 ms average cloud latency, 100% push- notification delivery, 0% false positive rate, and 100% uptime across a 72-hour reliability test. Total hardware cost is approximately USD 55, making professional-grade residential automation highly accessible.

The evolution of resistance to antibiotics is one of the most significant problems in Modern medicine, posing serious threats to human and animal health. Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO, S), including MRSA, vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) and certain Gram-negative bacilli have important infection control complications. From a previous study, an agar susceptibility testing was used to test all isolates against vancomycin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, fusidic acid, erythromycin, streptomycin, Ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime and clindamycin. MRSA was detected using cefoxitin (30g) disc and antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined using the Kirby and Bauer disc diffusion susceptibility testing method and confirmed for fusidic acid and vancomycin by determination of minimum inhibitory concentration. The isolated MRSA strains showed multiple drug resistance pattern as 42% for IPHA- MRSA, 34% for OPHA-MRSA and 23% for CC-MRSA. The distribution of strains of IPHA, OPHA and CC-MRSA compared with the MIC and zone size of fusidic acid showed that the highest number of isolates were distributed about the highest MIC values for IPHA-MRSA(16 , 8 , 4mg/L) ,OPH- MRSA (8, 4,2mg/L) and CC-MRSA(8,4mg/L). These results showed high multi-drug resistance for all MRSA isolated strains ( Fig.1, Fig.2, Fig.3). Interpretative zone of inhibition for fusidic acid and vancomycin was based on the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC) (Anon-2010/2013) guidelines. Standard international interpretation criteria for zone size for fusidic acid should be addressed. Keywords: MRSA: Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus, IPHA- MRSA: In-patient health associated MRSA: OPHA-MRSA: Out-patient health associated MRSA; CC-MRSA: Community carried MRSA.

This study was conducted to analyse the determinants of perception and adaptation to climate change. The study also examines the coping mechanisms followed by farmers in the aftermath of climate change induced shocks using a survey of 452 households in north Shewa Zone. A two steps process of Heckman model was used to analyze adaptation to climate change, which initially requires farmers perception that climate is changing and then responding to changes through adaptation. The analyses of determinants of perception to climate change revealed that number of factors ranging from socio- economic to natural have contributed to the increase in perception level of farmers to climate change. Moreover, the determinants of adaptation conditioned on perception have shown that several programmatically important variables have affected the adaptation level of farmers to climate change. The result indicates that perception to climate change was the prime determinant for adaptation. on the other hand, farmers follow different coping mechanisms; where some of the coping mechanisms negatively affect the future development of the community and immediate recovery from climate change impacts. Thus carefully targeted programming should be made to enable farmers take those positive coping mechanisms and exercise those strategies that can boost their adaptation to the changing climate condition. In conclusion, awareness creation on climate change, facilitation of credit availability, investment on non-farm engagement, improve good mix of livestock holding, encourage adult education, dissemination of indigenous early warning information, diversifying crops to perennial trees, and improved frequencies of agricultural extension contact be made so as to ensure farmers well perceive climate change and then adapt to the changes.

In Rwanda the tamarillo plant Cyphomandra betacea Cav. is mostly grown in the Northern Province by smallholder farmers. They only point out problems of aphid prolonged attacks. However, visual symptoms indicate that tamarillo plant may suffer from both arthropods and phytoviruses. It is important to gather more information on virus infections in tamarillo orchards. We randomly collected samples from plants which had visual symptoms that indicated the presence of phytovirus infections. Samples were analysed in Laboratory of Rwanda Agriculture Board, using Double Antibody Sandwich Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay. We used antibodies specific to the group of Potyvirus because C. betacea plant belongs to the family of Solanaceae, which is mostly infected by potyviruses. Positive samples were also analysed using monoclonal antibodies. Results revealed that tamarillo trees have been infected by Potyviruses. Among positive samples, we additionally identified the Potato Virus A and Potato Virus Y that are often potato plant viruses. The potyvirus infections in tamarillo orchards must be reconfirmed using both molecular method (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and biological indexing on indicator plants. These results could be very helpful in management of potyvirus infections in tamarillo plants and help smallholder famers choosing alternative control methods instead of using pesticides.

This investigation seeks to identify the numerous phytoconstituents contained in dried plant material. Methanol, ethanol, and distilled water were used to extract the roots and stems for this investigation. Solvents that are water, if you will. Alkaloids, phenols, saponins, glycosides, steroids, flavonoids, amino acids, terpenoids, and carbohydrates were all identified using group-specific phytochemical screening methods. In many parts of the globe, people turn to the reviving and healing abilities of the mystical plant Selaginella bryopteris. Traditional medicine has long relied on S. bryopteris-based remedies for a broad variety of conditions, including spermatorrhea, colitis, epilepsy, leucorrhoea, urinary tract infections, fever, venereal disorders, constipation, beri-beri, and cancer. Numerous in vivo and in vitro models and clinical investigations have been used to examine the medicinal and pharmacological properties of S. bryopteris in recent years. Selaginella bryopteris has been the subject of extensive biochemical and pharmacological research, lending scientific credibility to many of its traditional uses. Antibacterial, growth- promoting, anti-protozoal, relief from heat stroke and the burning sensation during urination, prevention of stress- induced cell death, enhancement of memory, alleviation of stomach-aches, anti-hyperglycemic, and antioxidant properties are just some of the many biological activities it is involved in. Due to its immense pharmacological and therapeutic potential, S. bryopteris is without a doubt one of the most important plants.

The application of people analytics in organizations can assist HR managers in reducing employee turnover by changing talent acquisition and retention methods. High employee attrition rates can severely impact a company's productivity and planning continuity, making it a significant threat to its success. By identifying key employee characteristics that affect attrition, this data-driven approach uses a hybrid strategy to create a useful employee attrition model. With decision-makers and business leaders showing an increased interest in machine learning, researchers must explore its application within business organizations. To help HR recruiters make better hiring and placement decisions, we offer a thorough analytics framework that can be used in real-world situations as a decision support tool. A subfield of analytics called HR analytics seeks to improve efficiency and overall results by developing HR units' systems within enterprises. The use of analytics by human resources has been prevalent for many years.

The present study has been conducted to find out if there are any relationship between self- esteem and coping style on academic performance among post graduate students in the Indian scenario. The study conducted during the year of 2020-22 at COVID situation. A convenient sampling technique used to select a sample of 151 respondents. Descriptive statistics used to profile the participants. Pearson product moment correlation and multiple regressions were performed to understand relationship and influences. The findings indicated that there were significant positive relationships between self-esteem and coping styles of the students. Multiple regressions revealed that self-esteem would be a significant predictor of academic performance of the students.