Food borne illnesses may result from the consumption of food contaminated by microbial pathogens, toxic chemicals or radioactive materials. So far most studies have considered pathogenic and chemical aspect of food contamination. The study assesses the amount of radiation exposed to road side cooked meats within Makurdi metropolis. Different samples of the meat where collected in strategic locations and the Radiation Alert Inspector EXP. was used to detect the level of exposure in the meat samples. Results showed very low amount of radiation in the samples ranging

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University of Ghana, Box LG 91, Legon- Accra Ghana The study investigated the causes and effects of streetism on mothers and their children who lived on the streets of Accra. Stratified and purposive sample of 200 women with children from the Central Business District (CBD) of Accra were interviewed using a structured interview schedule. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS/PC) software version 17. The chi- square statistic was used to determine statistically significant relationship between streetism and access to formal education by street children. Most of the women (63%) came from the three Northern regions of Ghana. Major causes of streetism included low level of education, resulting in unemployment and high poverty in the rural areas. The women engaged in head pottering (kaayayee) constituted (48%), hawking (26.5%), those assisting in chop bars service (13%) and a person earned an average daily income of GH¢3.00. As they slept at lorry parks (40%) and dilapidated structures (35%), they contracted malaria (81%) and skin diseases (27%). Theft of personal belongings and money (53%), physical assault and rape (31%) and vehicular accidents (15%) compounded their life in the street. Despite the challenges, the women were determined to acquire work capital, learn a trade or rent decent accommodation, when they went back home, to improve family life. Streetism had a significant effect (p<0.005) on access to formal education by street children as only a few (12%) children of school going age were in school. It is recommended that girls' education be intensified by Ghana Education Service (GES) in the three Northern Regions of Ghana so as to equip many young girls with marketable skills that would enable them gain employment in the formal sector.

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 2Vegetative Research Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt. Two field experiments were carried out at EI-Bramoon Agricultural Research Farm of Mansoura Horticultural Research Station during the two successive winter seasons of 2009 and 2010. The investigated effects of foliar spray with some microelements (Fe, Zn and Mn, 100 ppm) at different fertilizer sources (FYM, mineral fertilizer and control) and bio-fertilization with Rhizobium as well as their interactions on yield and yield components and chemical constituents of pea plant (Pisum sativum, L.) cv. Master-B. The foliar spraying pea plants with a mixture of microelements significantly increased yield components expressed as pod length, pod weight, number of green seeds/pod, weight of 100-green seed , seed index (1000-dry seed weight) and chemical constituents such as NPK, carbohydrates (%) and protein (%) of green seeds of pea plant in both seasons. The fertilization with FYM was the most reliable treatment compared with chemical fertilizer and control treatments in both seasons. All studied characteristics of pea plants were generally greater with bio-fertilizer treatment (Rhizobium ) than the Chemical fertilizer. The best results were obtained from spraying pea plants with a mixture of microelements and application of FYM in the presence of Rhizobium inoculation.

Two field trials were conducted on garlic (Allium sativum, L. Cv. Sids - 40) in the vegetable private farm at Kafr Meet Faris, Dakahlia Governorate, during 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 seasons to study potassium-fertilizer levels at 0, 24, 48, 72 or 96 kg K 2O/fed, mepiquat chloride (pix) at 0, 250 and 500 ppm as a foliar application at and their interactions on the plant growth, yield and its quality, chemical constituents of plant foliage and bulbs as well as storability during the storage period (9 months). The obtained results could be summarized as follows: In general, garlic plants received K-levels better than those of the unfertilized ones. most studied characteristics of garlic plants were significantly increased with increasing K-levels from 0 up to 96 kg K 2O/fed. Besides, the most interesting observation was the increasing of the storability by 96 kg K 2O/fed in both seasons. Moreover, this treatment significantly increased concentration of N, P, K, TSS and volatile oils in cloves comparing with those of the other treatments. On the other hand, foliar application of pix at 250 or 500 ppm significantly reduced plant height. However, increasing the applied pix level from 0 to 500 ppm significantly increased number of leaves, leaf area, and plant dry weight and bulbing ratio as well as total yield, bulb weight and diameter and clove weight. However, total weight loss, sprouting and decay percentage of bulbs were significantly reduced at the end of the storage period. The combined treatments of K 2O levels and pix were generally more effective than with single ones. The best results were obtained by using 96 kg K2O/fed with foliar application of pix at 500 ppm. Therefore, this treatment could be recommended for raising garlic yield and improving bulb quality during the storage period under similar conditions to this work.

In this article, the paper used the different perspective of scholars studying to demonstrate these two factors of relationship that it can be produced a brand awareness to improve customers’ cognition. Based upon this view, the paper introduced a special conceptual relationship between brand equity and brand association as two varies significant factors how to interactive to improve a brand quality in the field of brand management. However, the majority of existing literatures respectively target brand equity or brand association itself function at the research filed of brand management. It is worthy of point out that these two factors should be combined with to exploring the brand influences. For an important reason is that these two factors are interactive and thus assist in providing the developing platform of the brand relationship. As a result, analyzing the relationship between brand equity and brand association is very necessary. Key words: Brand management, brand marketing, brand equity, brand association

Image retrieval is very fatten epidemic on daily basis growing area of the computer vision applications. The digital images are constitute, the major role in retrieval of the image and multimedia dataset. The content based image retrieval (CBIR) is the one technique of image retrieval which used for feature like the color, shape and texture in order to search the image from the huge amount of the digital image processing dataset. The CBIR is rest on the features of images which are pictorial features are learn by the deep learning automatically. The research shows that there the image preprocessing representation by human understanding the visually of images. Image preprocessing is used to improve the quality of the image and remove the unsolicited distortions from the image or enhanced the significant feature in image. The paper is focused on performance of three preprocessing methods are compared namely Contrast adjustment, Intensity adjustment and Histogram equalization.