A study was carried out to determine the status and distribution of extractable zinc (Zn), cupper (Cu), iron (Fe) and Manganese (Mn) along a toposequence at Gubi, Bauchi Nigeria. Four profile pits were dug along the toposequence at the upper slope, middle slope, lower slope and valley bottom positions and soil samples taken from identified horizons were subjected to laboratory analysis. The results show that the mean values were 0.26, 0.36, 44.75 and 47.50mg/kg for Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn respectively. Zn and Cu were generally "low" to "medium" in all the horizons of the pedons, and also below the critical limits for arable crop production. The crops will benefit from supplementary application of these micronutrients for maximum productivity. Fe and Mn values were "high" and above the critical limits for arable crop production in all the horizons of the pedons. The soils will not require supplementary application of Fe and Mn.

Ogun State, Nigeria 2Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Ibadan This study assessed the abundance and activities of various bird species as well as the rate of bird strike occurrences at the Murtala Muhammed International Airport (MMIA), Lagos. Line transect survey was used to generate data for ecological analysis. Information on trend in bird strike occurrence in Nigeria aerodrome (1990-2002) was collected from Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority. A total of 36 species representing 22 families were recorded during the study, while a high value of 0.8684 calculated for th e Simpson's Index of Diversity, indicated a richness of bird species at the MMIA. However, individual birds were not evenly distributed as seen among the species as seen in the value (0.2) calculated for equitability (E D). A total of 45 cases of bird strike were recorded between 1990 and 2002, while Cattle Egret Bulbulcus ibis recorded the highest abundance of individual as well as the highest cause of bird strike in MMIA.

This work aimed at evaluating the effect of proteineous food mixtures on the quality of formulated weaning food diet. Protein contents of all the diets compared well with the control diet. Both melon and cowpea seeds increased the protein contents of Ogi. Diet with cowpea had the least fat content while that of melon had higher values in fat content. The crude fibre content of the experimental diets ranged from 2.43-3.30g/100g. These values were low when compared with that of the control diet (5.00g/100g). The ash contents of the formulated diets were lower than that of the control diet. The carbohydrate content of the diets compared favorably well with the control diet. The control diet had higher protein efficiency ratio (PER) and net protein ratio (NPR) followed by cowpea-melon-ogi diet. The animals fed with control diets increased in weight followed by the animal fed with cowpea-melon-ogi diet. The tissues, livers and kidneys of animals in the cowpea-melon-ogi group were found to have the highest weight when compared to cowpea-ogi and melon-ogi diet groups. The weight of kidney of melon-ogi diet group was almost the same with that of cowpea-ogi diet group but higher than the basal diet group. The organs of the animals fed with control diet had the highest total protein level followed by the cowpea-melon-ogi diet. This was due to the presence of protein mixtures in the experimental diet.

2Department of Agriculture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mazandaran, Iran 3Department of Agronomy, Jouybar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jouybar, Iran This experiment was done as factorial in randomized complete block design with three replications. Nitrogen levels in heading stage chosen as (0, 50 and 100 kg ha -1 as P2O5 Urea) and phosphorus rates as (0, 75, 150 and 225 kg ha -1 as P2O5 Urea) were treatment. Results showed that stem length, fourth inter-node bending moment, total tiller number per hill, fertile tiller per hill, grain yield and straw yield had significant in nitrogen levels at 1 % and plant height and panicle length had significant in nitrogen levels at 5 % level probability. The highest grain yield (590.1 g m2) was produced for 100 kg N ha -1. Maximum straw yield was produced in 100 kg N ha -1, and minimum of that had observed for control and 50 kg N ha -1. The most plant height, flag leaf length, total tiller number and fertile tiller number were obtained for 50 and 100 kg N ha-1, but the highest forth inter-node bending moment was observed in control and 50 kg N ha -1. Plant height, stem length, flag leaf length, and fourth inter-node bending moment increased 11.54, 11.99, 13.48, 6.78 % by phosphorus application. Lowest fourth inter- node bending moment had observed at interaction of 100 kg N ha-1 × control. The highest grain yield was produced at interaction of 100 kg N ha -1 × control. Therefore, application of 100 kg N in heading stage due to highest grain yield and rice plant was the best treatment, because of deficit phosphorus in soil, showed the best response to 225 kg P ha-1.

Diarrheal diseases are frequent complications seen in patients with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The etiological spectrum of enteric pathogens in these patients is broad, and these include, bacteria, parasites, fungi and viruses. Escherichia coli (E.coli) strains are well-known bacterial agents of diarrhea in these patients, and, these can be life-threatening. There have been reports of the emergence of multidrug resistant E.coli among these patients, and this necessitates the study of the antibiogram of strains of this organism in this environment. This study was therefore conducted to determine the antibiotic susceptibility or resistance pattern of enterovirulent E.coli strains from stools of HIV-infected patients with diarrhea in our environment. Ninety-eight strains of E.coli identified and confirmed as pathogens of diarrhea in HIV- seropositive patients were included in this study. They were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test, using the disc diffusion method. High resistant rates were demonstrated towards tetracycline, cotrimoxazole, amoxicillin-clavulanate and amoxicillin, the antibiotics commonly used in this environment to treat diarrhea. This therefore calls for the enforcement of judicious use of antibiotics in this environment to control the situation.